Mass is not weight
A classic mix-up: a regular scale shows kg, which is a unit of mass. But technically what it measures is weight — the force with which the Earth pulls on you.
The weight formula
P = m · g
Where P is the weight (in newtons), m is the mass (in kg) and g is the local acceleration of gravity.
Why does gravity change?
According to Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation:
g = G · M / R²
Where M is the mass of the planet and R its radius. More massive or denser planets → stronger gravity. That is why the Moon (small mass) has g ≈ 1.62 m/s² while Jupiter (enormous mass) has ≈ 24.8 m/s².
Fun facts
- Moon: you weigh only 1/6 of your Earth weight — that is why the Apollo astronauts could take such big leaps
- Jupiter: 2.5× your Earth weight — a 70 kg person would “weigh” 177 kgf, crushing
- Sun: 28× Earth’s gravity! You would “weigh” almost 2 tonnes (and be crushed)
- Pluto and Ceres: gravity so low that you could jump tens of meters high
Gravity table in the Solar System
| Body | g (m/s²) | Factor vs Earth |
|---|---|---|
| ☀️ Sun | 274.00 | 27.93× |
| ☿ Mercury | 3.70 | 0.38× |
| ♀ Venus | 8.87 | 0.90× |
| 🌍 Earth | 9.81 | 1.00× |
| 🌕 Moon | 1.62 | 0.17× |
| ♂ Mars | 3.71 | 0.38× |
| ♃ Jupiter | 24.79 | 2.53× |
| ♄ Saturn | 10.44 | 1.06× |
| ♅ Uranus | 8.87 | 0.90× |
| ♆ Neptune | 11.15 | 1.14× |
| ⯓ Pluto | 0.62 | 0.06× |
| ◔ Ceres | 0.27 | 0.03× |
| ◔ Eris | 0.82 | 0.08× |